I. Zuo Ma (Sitting Horse Stance)

• ​​Main Entry​​: Zuo Ma
• ​​Wing Chun’s Zuo Ma​​: In Wing Chun, the Zuo Ma is the “Two – Character Clamping Sheep Horse Stance”. The opening horse stance of “Siu Nim Tao” (the first form) is also the “Two – Character Clamping Sheep Horse Stance”. It mainly exercises leg muscles such as the quadriceps and gastrocnemius to achieve body balance.
• ​​During the Practice​​:
  • ​​Breathing​​: Combine with breathing, using abdominal breathing. This can exercise trunk muscles such as the rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles (sink the qi to the dantian) and the hard Qigong of other voluntary muscles in the body. It also allows for natural relaxation, practicing soft Qigong, and achieving a state of a calm and relaxed mind without distractions.

Basic Zuo Ma

• ​​Types​​: Zheng Shen Ma (Regular Horse Stance), Ce Shen Ma (Side Horse Stance), Zi Wu Ma (Meridian Horse Stance).

II. Siu Nim Tao (The Little Idea)

• ​​Main Entry​​: Siu Nim Tao
• ​​Overview​​: Siu Nim Tao is the first set of routines in Wing Chun and belongs to the beginner level. It is divided into three sections. The name “Siu Nim Tao” means having a correct thought, which will lead to a correct life throughout one’s life.
• ​​Movement Sequence​​:
  • ​​Starting and Basic Requirements​​: The whole set starts from the opening horse stance (“Two – Character Clamping Sheep Horse Stance”). Except for hand movements, the whole body remains still. Practitioners must keep their head, body, and horse stance upright. All other muscles in the body are relaxed, and breathing is natural. The set consists of a total of 108 movements, so it is also called “One Hundred and Eight Points of Hand”. Besides practicing the standard positions of hand movements, it also trains the stability of the horse stance, the stretching exercises of leg and hand muscles, enhances the range of motion of the wrist and shoulder joints, and strengthens the “elbow – bottom power”. The ideal is to effectively use the “Six – Joint Power”, also known as the “Six – Section Bone Power Generation”, which is the power jointly emitted by six joints: the ankle, knee, waist, shoulder, elbow (elbow – bottom power), and wrist.
  • ​​Training Focus​​: When practicing Siu Nim Tao, brute force is not required. Grandmaster Tsui Sheung – tin believes that the cerebellum is the main organ controlling muscle coordination, joint movement, and body balance, so special attention is paid to the development of the cerebellum.

Siu Nim Tao First Section

• Movement Sequence:
  • “Two – Character Clamping Sheep Horse Stance” > “Lower Crossed Hoe Hands” > “Upper Crossed Hoe Hands” > “Retract Fists”.
  • “Sun Character Straight Punch” > “One Spread Three Sinks” > “Horizontal Palm” (close – to – body) > “Regular Palm” > “Spread Hand” > “Circle Hand” > “Retract Fists”. (After completing with the left hand, repeat starting from the “Sun Character Straight Punch” with the right hand)
  • (The order of “One Spread Three Sinks”: “Spread Hand” > “Circle Hand” > “Protective Hand” > “Sink Hand” > “Pillow Hand”, a total of 5 hand techniques)

Siu Nim Tao Second Section

• ​​Characteristics​​: In addition to some movements similar to those in the first section, it also adds two new movements: “Hoe Hands” and “Horizontal Palms”.
• Movement Sequence:
  • “Four – Direction Pressing Palms” (The order of “Four – Direction Pressing Palms”: “Left Pressing Palm” > “Right Pressing Palm” > “Back Double Pressing Palms” > “Front Double Receiving Palms”)
  • “Double Blocking Hands” > “Left and Right Wiping Hands” > “Double Blocking Hands” > “Double Striking Hands” > “Double Spreading Hands” > “Double Choking Hands” > “Double Thumbing Fingers” > “Front Pressing Palms” > “Double Top Hands” > “Retract Fists”.
  • Siu Nim Tao Third Section
  • ​​Development​​: Developed from the practical hand techniques of the first two sections.
  • Movement Sequence:
    • “Lifting Hand” > “Elbow Burying” > “Bottom Palm” > “Circle Hand” > “Retract Fists”. (After completing with the left hand, repeat with the right hand)
    • “Striking Hand” > “Hoe Hand” > “Striking Hand” > “Circle Hand” > “Chin – Slapping Bottom Horizontal Palm” > “Circle Hand” > “Retract Fists”. (After completing with the left hand, repeat with the right hand)
    • “Shoulder Hand” > “Spread Hand” > “Chin – Slapping Bottom Reverse Palm” > “Spread Hand” > “Retract Fists”. (After completing with the left hand, repeat with the right hand)

III. Chum Kiu (Seeking the Bridge)

• ​​Note​​: “Cham Kiu” is the name used in the mainland branch.
• ​​Main Entry​​: Chum Kiu
• ​​Overview​​: Chum Kiu is the second set of routines in Wing Chun and belongs to the intermediate level. It is divided into three sections. The name “Chum Kiu” means seeking a bridge. Since the contact between the hands and the opponent is like a bridge, it is about seeking the opponent’s bridge hand (not only seeking but also breaking and occupying the bridge).
• ​​Training Focus​​: It is used to practice footwork and supporting feet. Combined with the previously learned hand techniques, it can be used to find the enemy’s bridge hand.

Chum Kiu First Section

• Movement Sequence:
  • 1.1 Preparation Stance 1.2 Stand at Attention with Fists 1.3 Two – Character Clamping Sheep Horse Stance 1.4 Lower Crossed Hoe Hands
  • 1.5 Upper Crossed Hoe Hands 1.6 Retract Fists 1.7 Left Sun Character Straight Punch 1.8 Left Spread Hand
  • 1.9 Left Circle Hand, Retract Fists 1.10 Right Sun Character Straight Punch 1.11 Spread Hand, Circle Hand, Retract Fists 1.12 Front – through Bridge
  • 1.13 Left Barrier Hand 45 – Degree Turn of Horse Stance 1.14 Right 180 – Degree Turn of Horse Stance 1.15 Left 180 – Degree Turn of Horse Stance 1.16 Right 180 – Degree Turn of Horse Stance
  • 1.17 Double Outer Sinking Hands 1.18 Double Spreading Hands 1.19 Three Lifting Hands (Left) 1.20 Three Lifting Hands (Right) 1.21 Three Lifting Hands (Left)
  • 1.22 Three Regular Palms (Left) 1.23 Three Regular Palms (Right) 1.24 Three Regular Palms (Left) 1.25 Turn Around and Left Horizontal Blocking Hand
  • 1.26 Blocking Hand 1.27 Side – body Shoulder Hand 1.28 Horizontal Blocking Hand Turns Side – body Shoulder Hand (Second Time) 1.29 Horizontal Blocking Hand Turns Side – body Shoulder Hand (Third Time)
  • 1.30 Left Blocking Hand Punch 1.31 Front – body Right Horizontal Wiping Hand 1.32 Choking Hand 1.33 Pillow Hand
  • 1.34 Front – through Hand 1.35 Circle Hand, Retract Fists 1.36 Front – through Bridge 1.37 45 – Degree Turn of Horse Stance, Barrier Hand Four Times (Right, Left, Right, Left)
  • 1.38 Double Outer Sinking Hands 1.39 Double Spreading Hands 1.40 Three Lifting Hands (Right, Left, Right) 1.41 Three Regular Palms (Right, Left, Right)
  • 1.42 Turn Around and Right Horizontal Blocking Hand 1.43 Right Horizontal Blocking Hand Turns Side – body Shoulder Hand (Three Times) 1.44 Right Blocking Hand Punch 1.45 Front – body Right Horizontal Wiping Hand
  • 1.46 Choking Hand 1.47 Pillow Hand 1.48 Front – through Hand 1.49 Circle Hand, Retract Fists

Chum Kiu Second Section

• Movement Sequence:
  • 2.1 Turn Around and Left Blocking Hand 2.2 Left Blocking Hand Straight Kick 2.3 Side – body Forcing Step Shoulder Hand 2.4 Cross – hand Position
  • 2.5 Side – body Forcing Step Shoulder Hand (First Time) 2.6 Cross – hand Position 2.7 Side – body Forcing Step Shoulder Hand (Second Time) 2.7 Side – body Forcing Step Shoulder Hand (Third Time)
  • 2.9 Side – body Left Pull Punch 2.10 Front – body Right Pillow Hand 2.11 Spread Hand, Circle Hand, Retract Fists 2.12 Turn Around and Right Blocking Hand
  • 2.13 Right Blocking Hand Straight Kick 2.14 Side – body Forcing Step Shoulder Hand 2.15 Cross – hand Position 2.16 Side – body Forcing Step Shoulder Hand (Second Time)
  • 2.17 Side – body Forcing Step Shoulder Hand (Third Time) 2.18 Side – body Right Pull Punch 2.19 Front – body Left Pillow Hand 2.20 Spread Hand, Circle Hand, Retract Fists

Chum Kiu Third Section

• Movement Sequence:
  • 3.1 Left Turn Around 3.2 Left Straight Supporting Leg 3.3 Forcing Step Double Low Shoulder 3.4 Double Spreading Hands
  • 3.5 Forcing Step Double Low Shoulder (First Time) 3.6 Forcing Step Double Low Shoulder (Second Time) 3.7 Forcing Step Double Low Shoulder (Third Time) 3.8 Parallel Step Double Questioning Hands
  • 3.9 Double Choking Hands, Double Regular Palms 3.10 Double Spreading Hands 3.11 Double Circle Hand, Retract Fists 3.12 Turn Around and Right Straight Supporting Leg
  • 3.13 Forcing Step Double Low Shoulder 3.14 Double Spreading Hands 3.15 Forcing Step Double Low Shoulder (First Time) 3.16 Forcing Step Double Low Shoulder (Second Time)
  • 3.17 Forcing Step Double Low Shoulder (Third Time) 3.18 Parallel Step Double Questioning Hands 3.19 Double Choking Hands, Double Regular Palms 3.20 Double Spreading Hands
  • 3.21 Double Circle Hand, Retract Fists 3.22 45 – Degree Oblique Supporting Leg 3.23 Left Clapping Hand 3.24 Right Clapping Hand
  • 3.25 Left Clapping Hand 3.26 Left Sun Character Straight Punch 3.27 Right Sun Character Straight Punch 3.28 Left Sun Character Straight Punch
  • 3.29 Spread Hand 3.30 Circle Hand, Retract Fists

IV. Biu Jee (Darting Fingers)

• ​​Main Entry​​: Biu Jee
• ​​Overview​​: Biu Jee is the third set of routines in Wing Chun and also the last one. It belongs to the advanced level and is divided into two sections. In Wing Chun Zen philosophy, Biu Jee is like the finger pointing at the moon. One should look beyond the finger to see the moon, which means having a long – term vision in combat. It represents the dialectical thinking of being attacked and attacking. Another saying is that Biu Jee is named after the first movement after opening the horse stance. Biu Jee is only taught by the master to disciples with good character and reaching a certain level of kung fu. Biu Jee focuses on both attacking and comprehensive use of hands, feet, and body. After the circle – foot movement in Biu Jee, footwork is practiced. (Hands do not leave the “gate”)
• ​​Reason for “Biu Jee Not Leaving the Door”​​:
  • ​​Historical Reasons​​: In the early days, Wing Chun was not taught publicly. Even if a disciple had studied for a long time, if the disciple’s kung fu and conduct did not reach a certain level, the master would not easily teach “Biu Jee”. Coupled with the fact that Biu Jee is an advanced set of routines in Wing Chun, it always has a mysterious aura.
  • ​​Technical Reasons​​: To practice Biu Jee well, one must first have the foundation of “Siu Nim Tao”, then achieve the stability of “Chum Kiu”. With the stability of “Chum Kiu”, one can practice Biu Jee well. The three are interrelated and mutually helpful. Therefore, in the practice of routines, one must follow the order of “Siu Nim Tao” > “Chum Kiu” > “Biu Jee” step by step to show the elegance of Wing Chun.
  • ​​Teaching Changes​​: According to Grandmaster Ip Chun (the eldest son of Ip Man, the grandmaster of Wing Chun), in the past, masters usually taught “Biu Jee” to disciples before they left to start their own schools when they thought the disciples were capable of doing so. However, Ip Man believed that this was not scientific because the disciples might not be able to master “Biu Jee”. So, Ip Man usually taught it earlier when teaching.

Biu Jee First Section

• Contains multiple unique hand techniques of Biu Jee.

Biu Jee Second Section

• Contains multiple unique hand techniques of Biu Jee.

V. Chi Sau (Sticking Hands)

• ​​Main Entry​​: Chi Sau
• ​​Overview​​: Chi Sau is one of the two – person training methods in Wing Chun. It is used to practice attack and defense reactions and is a more interactive practice close to actual application. The ultimate goal is to reach the application level of techniques: “Letting the incoming force stay and sending away the outgoing force”, “No blocking or parrying, just a single strike”.
• ​​Deeper Function​​: It also helps to enhance internal power. Through wrist contact and interaction, it can coordinate muscle balance and the stability of the body’s center of gravity.

Single Chi Sau

• ​​Movement Pattern​​: One side performs “Sink” > “Choke (Swiftly)” > “Strike”, and the other side performs “Spread” > “Palm” > “Shoulder”.

Double Chi Sau

• ​​Movement Pattern​​: One hand is “Sink”, and the other hand is “Spread” > “Shoulder”. That is, when the left hand of one side is “Sink”, the corresponding right hand of the other side is “Spread” > “Shoulder”.

VI. Muk Yan Jong (Wooden Dummy)

• ​​Main Entry​​: Muk Yan Jong
• ​​Overview​​: The Muk Yan Jong set consists of eight sections and 116 movements. The training equipment is a wooden dummy with dummy hands and feet. It allows for a small amount of movement (elasticity) and is used as a simulated enemy for practice. It exercises the hardness of the hand – contact parts, the overall mobility of the body, and the flexibility of footwork.

Full Set of Muk Yan Jong (Eight Sections)

Getting on the Dummy

Open the “Two – Character Clamping Sheep Horse Stance” in front of the wooden dummy.

Section 1

1. Right hand starts from the front door, similar to the test in Siu Nim Tao
2. Three – Star Continuous Fist
3. Left Supporting Palm, Right Hammer
4. Right Supporting Palm, Left Straight Hammer
5. Left Spreading Palm, Right Hammer
6. Right Hook Hand, Bottom Palm
7. Left Inner Hand Nail
8. Right Hand Straight Hammer

Section 2

9. Left Hook Hand, Bottom Palm
10. Left Hand Strikes Right Straight Hammer
11. Double Pulling Hands, Start Nail Foot
12. Left Hook Hand, Bottom Palm
13. Right Hook Hand, Bottom Palm
14. Left Hook Hand, Scoop Inner Cheek
15. Right Hook Hand, Scoop Outer Rib
16. Left Hook Hand, Bottom Palm

Section 3

17. Right Losing Step, Left Face Palm
18. Left Entering Horse, Pounce Wing Palm
19. Left Grasping Hand, Right Hand
20. Right Hook Hand, Left Straight Hammer
21. Left Hook Hand, Bottom Palm
22. Right Hook